C. 4 Primary Derivative indications

The term "primary derivative" includes in its scope Present, Past and Future Partici- ples, Infinitives, Gerunds, and other noun stems that result when roots and appropriate suf- fixes are combined. Depending on their respective methods of formation, they may be ei- ther combinations of roots and suffixes, or those of verbal stems and suffixes.

Present Participle --> verbal stem + suffix Past Participle --> root / verbal stem + suffix Future Participle --> root / verbal stem + suffix Infinitive --> root / verbal stem + suffix Gerund --> root / verbal stem + suffix Others --> root + suffix

If a part or the whole of a commented unit is a Primary Derivative, its comment unit would be concerned with its root (if it is formed by adding a suffix to a root), or its verbal stem (if formed by adding a suffix to a verbal stem), the sense of either of them, the suffix or its sense. The terms root and verbal stem here would be labelled with the epithet primary to differentiate them from those of conjugated verbs, and the term suffix also, to make it different from that of the secondary derivative.

  • a. Primary-Root / Primary-Stem indications (dutiyadhātupadasaṃvaṇṇanā)

Ex. laddhoti labhito

The phrase, "labhito" indicates that the Primary Derivative laddho has the root √√ labh. (Primary-Root indication)

Ex. kurumanoti karonto The phrase, "karonto" indicates that the part kuru of kurumano is an alterna- tive form of the stem karo. (Primary-Stem indication)

  • b. Primary-Root Sense / Primary-Stem Sense indications (dutiyadhātvatthasaṃvaṇṇanā)

Ex. buddhoti jānanto1

The phrase, "jānanto" indicates that the root √ budh of the Primary Derivative buddho means, "to know, to perceive". (Primary-Root Sense indication)

Ex. bujjhantoti jānanto

The phrase, "jānanto" indicates that the stem bujjha of the Primary Derivative bujjhanto means, "to know, to perceive". (Primary-Stem Sense indication)

  • c. Primary-Suffix indication (dutiyapaccayapadasaṃvaṇṇanā)

Ex. laddhoti labhito

The phrase, "labhito" indicates that the Primary Derivative laddho has the suffix ta.

d. Primary-Suffix Sense indication (dutiyapaccayatthasaṃvaṇṇanā)

Ex. Ex. buddhoti jānanto

The phrase, "jānanto" indicates that the suffix ta of the Primary Derivative buddho has the sense of Subjective Suffixal case / Active Voice.

1 The same example for the primary-suffix sense indication

C. 4 初级衍生词指明

术语“初级衍生词”在其范围内包含了现在分词，过去分词和未来分词，不定式，动名词和其他由词根和合适的后缀构成的名词词干。基于他们各自的组成方式，它们要么和词根和词缀结合，要么和那些动词词干和词缀结合。

现在分词 --> 动词词干+后缀
过去分词 --> 词根/动词词干
将来分词 --> 词根/动词词干 + 后缀不定式 --> 词根/动词词干 + 后缀
动名词 --> 词根/动词词干 + 其他的后缀 --> 词根 + 后缀

如果一个被注释单位的一部分或者全部是初级衍生词，其注释单位会和其词根(如果它是由在词根上增加词缀构成的)，或者其动词词干(如果它是由在动词词干上增加词缀构成的)，它们中的任何一个意义，后缀或其意义联系在一起。术语词根和动词词干在这里需要被标记成epithet才能和共轭动词区分开来，术语的后缀也被标记用来区分与二次衍生的差别。

  • a.初级词根/初级词干的指明(dutiyadhātupadasaṃvaṇṇanā)

例. laddhoti labhito
词语“labhito”指明了初级衍生词laddho词根是labh。(初级词根指明)
例. kurumanoti karonto
词语“karonto”指明了kurumano的“kuru”是词干karo的一个异形词。(初级词干指明)

  • b.初级词根意义/初级词干意义的指明(dutiyadhātvatthasaṃvaṇṇanā)

例. buddhoti jānanto①
词语“jānanto”指明了初级衍生词buddho的词根budh意思为“去知道，去感知”(初级词根意义指明)
例. bujjhantoti jānanto
词语“jānanto”指明了初级衍生词bujjhanto的词干bujjha意思为“去知道，去感知”(初级词干意义指明)

  • c.初级词缀指明(dutiyapaccayapadasaṃvaṇṇanā)

例. laddhoti labhito
词语“labhito”指明了初级衍生词laddho词缀是ta。

  • d.初级词缀意义的指明(dutiyapaccayatthasaṃvaṇṇanā)

例. buddhoti jānanto
词语“jānanto”指明了初级衍生词buddho的词缀ta有主动后缀/主动语态意义。

①初级后缀含义的指明也是相同的例子

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