C. 3 Conjugated Verb indications
As shown in the topic of Conjugations, conjugated verbs are derived generally from verbal stems and, occasionally, direct from roots. Consequently, a conjugated verb may be a combination of a verbal stem, or a root, with a verbal ending. If a part or the whole of a commented unit is a conjugated verb, its comment unit would be concerned with its root (if it is formed by adding a verbal ending to a root), or its verbal stem (if formed by adding a verbal ending to a verbal stem), the sense of either of them, the verbal ending or its sense.
a. Root / Verbal-Stem indication (dhātupadasaṃvaṇṇanā)
Ex. Vakkhatīti vacissati
The phrase "vacissati" indicates that the verb "vakkhati" is derived from the root √ vac. (root indication)
Ex. Kāhissatīti karissati.
The phrase "karissati" indicates that the verbal stem "kāha" of the verb "kāhissati" is an alternative form of the verbal stem "karo". (verbal-stem indication)
b. Root Sense / Verbal-Stem Sense indication (dhātvatthasaṃvaṇṇanā)
Ex. Vakkhatīti kathessati
The phrase "kathessati" indicates that the verb "vakkhati" has the sense "to say, to speak, to tell". (root sense indication)1
Ex. Byākarosīti kathesi.
The phrase "kathesi" indicates that the verbal stem "byākaro" of the verb "byākarosi" has the sense "to say, to speak, to tell". (verbal-stem sense indication)
c. Verbal-Ending indication (dutiyavibhattipadasaṃvaṇṇanā)2
Ex. Bhāsissanti bhāsissāmi.
The phrase "bhāsissāmi" indicates that the verbal ending "ssaṃ" of the verb "bhāsissaṃ" is a Future Attanopada 1st person ending (i.e. not an Unreal Conditional one).
d. Verbal-Ending Sense indication (*dutiyavibhattyatthasaṃvaṇṇanā)*3
Ex. Sandhāvissanti saṃsariṃ.
The phrase "saṃsariṃ" indicates that the verbal ending "ssaṃ" of the verb "Sandhāvissaṃ" has the sense of Past Tense.
1 Verbal-ending indication is also relevant here. 2 The term dutiya (meaning "second") is used to differentiate from nominal case-endings.
C.3 共轭动词指明
正如共轭这个话题展示的一样，共轭动词通常从动词词干里面衍生出来，通常是直接从词根而来。所以，一个共轭动词或许会和动词词干或者词根结合在一起，并以动词结尾。如果一个被注释单元的整体或者一部分是共轭动词，其注释单元会涉及到词根(如果它是通过在词根上添加动词结尾来构成)，或者其动词词干(如果它是通过在动词词干上添加动词词尾来形成的)，它们其中任何一个意义，是动词结尾或其意义。
a. 词根/动词词干指明 (dhātupadasaṃvaṇṇanā)
例.Vakkhatīti vacissati
词组"vacissati"指明了动词"vakkhati"来源自词根√vac. (词根指明)
b. 词根/动词词干含义指明 (dhātvatthasaṃvaṇṇanā)
例. Vakkhatīti kathessati
词组“kathessati”指明了动词“vakkhati”有“去说，去讲，去告诉”的意义(词根含义指明)①
例. Byākarosīti kathesi.
词组“kathesi”指明了动词“byākarpso”的动词词干“byākaro”有“去说，去讲，去告诉”的意思。(动词词干的含义指明)
c. 动词词尾指明 (dutiyavibhattipadasaṃvaṇṇanā)②
例. Bhāsissanti bhāsissāmi.
词组"bhāsissāmi"指明了动词“bhāsissaṃ”的动词词尾“ssaṃ”是中间语态第一人称结尾(即.不是虚幻条件句)。
d. 动词词尾含义指明 (dutiyavibhattyatthasaṃvaṇṇanā)③
例. Sandhāvissanti saṃsariṃ.
词组“saṃsariṃ”指明了动词“Sandhāvissaṃ”的动词结尾“ssaṃ”有过去时态的含义。
- ① 动词结尾指明和这里也有关
- ② dutiya("第二次")用来区分名词格位结尾的差别