以iti结尾的引号及翻译类型
Quotations that end in - iti and types of translations

1. 引文可以视为“引用一个单词、词组、话语或想法”。

A quotation can be defined as the citation of a word or words, spoken or thought of.

它可以通过加在句子的末尾的不变词iti来识别。
It can be recognized by the indeclinable iti added to its end.

它可以通过两种方式来处理
It can be dealt in two ways.

1. 把被引用全部单词视为一个名词与“iti”相关联，其关系为被引用-引号（nidassetabba - nidassana，引号内-引号）关系，
   “iti”本身与相应的动词相关联，其关系为引号-（nidassana - nidassanavant，引号-引号外）中的相应动词相关。
   The whole set of quoted words is viewed as a single noun and related to “iti” in Quoted Speech Relation(QUS) and “iti” itself related to a corresponding verb in Quotation Marker relation (QUM). 引文本身可翻可不翻。 The quoted speech itself may be translated or not.

Ex. puriso gacchati iti so vadati / cinteti.

• He says / thinks as, “puriso gacchati” (untranslated) / “He goes” (translated).
• 他说/想：“puriso gacchati”（不翻）/“他走了”（翻）。

Ex. so “datto” iti ñāyate

He is known as Datta.

他被称为Datta。

1. The set of quoted words, viewed as a single noun, is combined with iti to form a compound.
   一组被引用的单词，被视为单个名词，与iti组合形成复合词。

The result is an indeclinable noun. Its case may be one of the seven cases (the Vocative is excluded) and should be inferred from the context.

结果是一个不变名词。其情况可能是七种情况之一（不包括呼格），应从上下文中推断。

Ex. puriso gacchati iti so vadati / cinteti.

He says (the words) / thinks of (the words), “puriso gacchati”, or, “He goes”.

他说（这些话）/想（这些话），“puriso gacchati”，或者"他走了"。 Ex. so “datto” iti ñāyate

He, who is (named) Datta, is known.

他，（名叫）达塔，是众所周知的。

2. 一个或多个单词在整个引文的开头部分被引用

Sometimes, the initial part only, one word or more, of the whole speech is quoted. In this case, the quoted portion cannot be translated. For example, “Puriso maggam gacchati” may be quoted as “puriso iti”. Then it can be translated only as, “as ‘puriso’ etc.” or “the words ‘puriso’ etc.”

在这种情况下，引用的部分无法翻译。例如，"Puriso maggam gacchati"可以引用为"puriso iti"。它只能翻译为"作为'puriso'等"或"'puriso'等词"。

Note: the main clause outside the scope of a quoted speech can be translated separately. Then an inserted question must follow it, after which the quoted part is given. This is called the Excluded Quotation method of translation (ākārabahikaraṇa).

注意：引文范围之外的主要从句可以单独翻译。然后给出引用的部分，必须在其后面插入一个问题。这被称为Excluded Quotation翻译方法（ākārabahikaraṇa）。

Ex. puriso gacchati iti so vadati.

=他说。[他怎么说？他说]作为，"puriso gacchati"（或）"他走了"。

= He says. [How does he say? He says] as, “puriso gacchati” (or) “He goes”.

=他说。[他说什么？他说]"puriso gacchati"（或）"他走了"。

= He says. [What does he say? He says the words] “puriso gacchati” (or) “He goes”.

In contrast, the style without an inserted question (i.e. as in the examples above except the last) is called the Incorporated Quotation method (ākāra-antokaraṇa).

相反，没有插入问题的样式（即如上例所示，除了最后一个）被称为Incorporated Quotation方法（ākāra-antokaraṇa）。

These two types can further be divided into two sub-types each, depending on whether the quoted part is translated or not. If it remains in Pali, this may be termed the Formally Excluded Quotation (saddato ākārabahikaraṇa) method or Formally Incorporated Quotation (saddato ākāra-antokaraṇa) method.

这两种类型可以进一步被分为两个子类型，具体取决于引用部分是否被翻译。如果它保留在巴利语中，这可以被称为Formally Excluded Quotation（saddato ākārabahikaraṇa）方法或Formally Incorporated Quotation（saddato ākāra-antokaraṇa）方法。

If it is translated, this is called the Essentially Excluded Quotation (atthato ākārabahikaraṇa) method or Essentially Incorporated Quotation (atthato ākāra-antokaraṇa) method.

如果被翻译，这被称为Essentially Excluded Quotation（atthato ākārabahikaraṇa）方法或Essentially Incorporated Quotation（atthato ākāra-antokaraṇa）方法。