被动语态的使役句型
Here the causal subject is in Instrumental case, causal object (Radial subject) in Instrumental or Accusative case and Radial object in Accusative case.
这里的使令主语用工具格,使令宾语(根本主语)用工具格或宾格及根本宾语用宾格。
例句:purisena dārakaṃ / dārakena gāmaṃ gamāpīyati
- (the) child is caused by (the) man to go (to) the village
- (该) 孩子应(该)男人的要求而去的村庄。
dārakena") D("gāmaṃ")
A--"ISV"-->B C--"IOV"-->B D--"OV"-->B
purisena --> gamāpīyati (ISV) dārakaṃ / dārakena --> gamāpīyati(IOV) --> √ gam (SV) gāmaṃ --> √ gam (OV)
同类修饰关系
IAD(Identical Adjective relation)
在这里,形容词用法中的名词与它修饰的名词有关。起形容作用的名词在格上必须与有实际意义的名词保持一致,但在性和数上可能有所不同。
mahatā purisena =...with (a/ the) great man
mahatā purisena =...与(一位/该位)伟人
mahatā --> purisena (IAD)
nandā nāma saro = (the) lake Nandā by name---
nandā nāma saro = 名为Nandā的(那个)湖---
nandā --> saro (IAD)
vīsati purisā = twenty men---
vīsati purisā = 二十个男人---
vīsati --> purisā (IAD)
Note: mark the difference of gender in the second example and that of both gender and number in the last.
注意:在第二个例句中性的差异以及在最后一例性和数的差异。
1 tulyādhikaraṇavisesana - visesya