C. 4 Primary Derivative indications

The term "primary derivative" includes in its scope Present, Past and Future Partici- ples, Infinitives, Gerunds, and other noun stems that result when roots and appropriate suf- fixes are combined. Depending on their respective methods of formation, they may be ei- ther combinations of roots and suffixes, or those of verbal stems and suffixes.

Present Participle --> verbal stem + suffix Past Participle --> root / verbal stem + suffix Future Participle --> root / verbal stem + suffix Infinitive --> root / verbal stem + suffix Gerund --> root / verbal stem + suffix Others --> root + suffix

If a part or the whole of a commented unit is a Primary Derivative, its comment unit would be concerned with its root (if it is formed by adding a suffix to a root), or its verbal stem (if formed by adding a suffix to a verbal stem), the sense of either of them, the suffix or its sense. The terms root and verbal stem here would be labelled with the epithet primary to differentiate them from those of conjugated verbs, and the term suffix also, to make it different from that of the secondary derivative.

• a. Primary-Root / Primary-Stem indications (dutiyadhātupadasaṃvaṇṇanā)

Ex. laddhoti labhito

The phrase, "labhito" indicates that the Primary Derivative laddho has the root √√ labh. (Primary-Root indication)

Ex. kurumanoti karonto The phrase, "karonto" indicates that the part kuru of kurumano is an alterna- tive form of the stem karo. (Primary-Stem indication)

• b. Primary-Root Sense / Primary-Stem Sense indications (dutiyadhātvatthasaṃvaṇṇanā)

Ex. buddhoti jānanto1

The phrase, "jānanto" indicates that the root √ budh of the Primary Derivative buddho means, "to know, to perceive". (Primary-Root Sense indication)

Ex. bujjhantoti jānanto

The phrase, "jānanto" indicates that the stem bujjha of the Primary Derivative bujjhanto means, "to know, to perceive". (Primary-Stem Sense indication)

• c. Primary-Suffix indication (dutiyapaccayapadasaṃvaṇṇanā)

Ex. laddhoti labhito

The phrase, "labhito" indicates that the Primary Derivative laddho has the suffix ta.

d. Primary-Suffix Sense indication (dutiyapaccayatthasaṃvaṇṇanā)

Ex. Ex. buddhoti jānanto

The phrase, "jānanto" indicates that the suffix ta of the Primary Derivative buddho has the sense of Subjective Suffixal case / Active Voice.

1 The same example for the primary-suffix sense indication