主动语态

A. Active Voice

Here the causal subject is put in nominative case, the causal object (Radial subject) in Accusative or Instrumental and the Radial Object in Accusative.

在这里，使令主语被用主格，使令宾语（根本主语）用宾格或工具格及根本宾语用宾格。

puriso dārakaṃ / dārakena gāmaṃ gamayati = (The) man makes (the) child go to (the) village.

puriso dārakaṃ / dārakena gāmaṃ gamayati = （那个）男人使（那个）孩子去（那个）村庄。

gamayati = √gam + aya + ti

√gam = to go, gamayati = make (sb / sth) go

√gam = 走, gamayati = 使 (某人 / 某物) 走

Therefore the word-relations in the sentence above are:

因此，上面句子中的词语关系是：

puriso --> gamayati (ASV)

dārakaṃ (dārakena) --> gamayati (IOV) -->√ gam [subject-verb relation1 (SV) ]

dārakaṃ (dārakena) --> gamayati (IOV) -->√ gam [主语-动词关系1 (SV) ]

gāmaṃ --> √ gam [object-verb relation2 (OV)]

gāmaṃ --> √ gam [宾语-动词关系2 (OV)]

Note: A root in itself is neither Active nor Passive, so subjects and objects related to it will have simple S.V or O.V relations.

注意：一个词根本身既不是主动态也不是被动态，所以与之关联的主语与宾语将是简单的S.V或O.V关系。

1 kattar - kiriyā 2 kamma - kiriyā