C. 3 Conjugated Verb indications

As shown in the topic of Conjugations, conjugated verbs are derived generally from verbal stems and, occasionally, direct from roots. Consequently, a conjugated verb may be a combination of a verbal stem, or a root, with a verbal ending. If a part or the whole of a commented unit is a conjugated verb, its comment unit would be concerned with its root (if it is formed by adding a verbal ending to a root), or its verbal stem (if formed by adding a verbal ending to a verbal stem), the sense of either of them, the verbal ending or its sense.

a. Root / Verbal-Stem indication (dhātupadasaṃvaṇṇanā)

Ex. Vakkhatīti vacissati

The phrase "vacissati" indicates that the verb "vakkhati" is derived from the root √ vac. (root indication)

Ex. Kāhissatīti karissati.

The phrase "karissati" indicates that the verbal stem "kāha" of the verb "kāhissati" is an alternative form of the verbal stem "karo". (verbal-stem indication)

b. Root Sense / Verbal-Stem Sense indication (dhātvatthasaṃvaṇṇanā)

Ex. Vakkhatīti kathessati

The phrase "kathessati" indicates that the verb "vakkhati" has the sense "to say, to speak, to tell". (root sense indication)1

Ex. Byākarosīti kathesi.

The phrase "kathesi" indicates that the verbal stem "byākaro" of the verb "byākarosi" has the sense "to say, to speak, to tell". (verbal-stem sense indication)

c. Verbal-Ending indication (dutiyavibhattipadasaṃvaṇṇanā)2

Ex. Bhāsissanti bhāsissāmi.

The phrase "bhāsissāmi" indicates that the verbal ending "ssaṃ" of the verb "bhāsissaṃ" is a Future Attanopada 1st person ending (i.e. not an Unreal Conditional one).

d. Verbal-Ending Sense indication (*dutiyavibhattyatthasaṃvaṇṇanā)*3

Ex. Sandhāvissanti saṃsariṃ.

The phrase "saṃsariṃ" indicates that the verbal ending "ssaṃ" of the verb "Sandhāvissaṃ" has the sense of Past Tense.

1 Verbal-ending indication is also relevant here. 2 The term dutiya (meaning "second") is used to differentiate from nominal case-endings.